Scientific name:
Tsuga heterophylla

Other names:
West Coast hemlock
Pacific hemlock
British Columbia hemlock
Hemlock-spruce
Western hemlock-fir

Western hemlock trees reach heights of 200 feet, with diameters of 3 feet. An exceptional specimen was recorded at 259 feet tall, with a diameter of 108 inches. Western hemlock is the most abundant tree species grown in Southeast Alaska. The species is also found in the Rocky Mountain region from southeastern British Columbia south to northeastern Washington, northern Idaho and northwestern Montana.

Weight:
Density(oven-dry): 0.42 gm/cc. Specific Gravity (oven dry): 0.44.

Used mainly for building construction. Also used for interior and exterior joinery, doors, flooring, vehicle bodywork, turnery, broom handles, boxes, crates, pallets, cooperage, furniture, ladders, plwood, paneling, veneer, and pulpwood.

General characteristic:
The heartwood and sapwood of western hemlock are almost white with a purplish tinge. The sapwood, which is sometimes lighter in color, is generally not more than 1 inch thick. The wood often contains small, sound, black knots that are usually tight and stay in place. Dark streaks are often found in the lumber; these are caused by hemlock bark maggots and generally do not reduce strength.

Working properties:
Works easily with machine or hand tools (slightly better than eastern hemlock). Accepts paint, stains, varnishes, and polishes well. Glues quite easily. Pre-drilling recommended for screwing and nailing (but less apt to split than eastern hemlock).

Drying and shrinkage:
It has moderately large shrinkage, about the same as Douglas-fir. Green hemlock lumber contains considerably more water than Douglas-fir, and requires longer kiln drying time. Trees may contain wet wood and/or have ring shake.

Durability:
Western hemlock lumber gives good service in construction, although it has little resistance to decay.